1. Title: Large Soybean Database

2. Sources:
     (a) R.S. Michalski and R.L. Chilausky "Learning by Being Told and
         Learning from Examples: An Experimental Comparison of the Two
	 Methods of Knowledge Acquisition in the Context of Developing
	 an Expert System for Soybean Disease Diagnosis", International
	 Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems, Vol. 4,
	 No. 2, 1980.
     (b) Donor: Ming Tan & Jeff Schlimmer (Jeff.Schlimmer%cs.cmu.edu)
     (c) Date: 11 July 1988

3. Past Usage:
      1. See above.
      2. Tan, M., & Eshelman, L. (1988). Using weighted networks to represent
         classification knowledge in noisy domains.  Proceedings of the Fifth
         International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 121-134). Ann Arbor,
         Michigan: Morgan Kaufmann.
         -- IWN recorded a 97.1% classification accuracy 
            -- 290 training and 340 test instances
      3. Fisher,D.H. & Schlimmer,J.C. (1988). Concept Simplification and
         Predictive Accuracy. Proceedings of the Fifth
         International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 22-28). Ann Arbor,
         Michigan: Morgan Kaufmann.
         -- Notes why this database is highly predictable

4. Relevant Information Paragraph:
    There are 19 classes, only the first 15 of which have been used in prior
    work.  The folklore seems to be that the last four classes are
    unjustified by the data since they have so few examples.
    There are 35 categorical attributes, some nominal and some ordered.  The
    value ``dna'' means does not apply.  The values for attributes are
    encoded numerically, with the first value encoded as ``0,'' the second as
    ``1,'' and so forth.  An unknown values is encoded as ``?''.

5. Number of Instances: 307

6. Number of Attributes: 35 (all have been nominalized)
 
7. Attribute Information: 
    -- 19 Classes
     diaporthe-stem-canker, charcoal-rot, rhizoctonia-root-rot,
     phytophthora-rot, brown-stem-rot, powdery-mildew,
     downy-mildew, brown-spot, bacterial-blight,
     bacterial-pustule, purple-seed-stain, anthracnose,
     phyllosticta-leaf-spot, alternarialeaf-spot,
     frog-eye-leaf-spot, diaporthe-pod-&-stem-blight,
     cyst-nematode, 2-4-d-injury, herbicide-injury.	

    1. date:		april,may,june,july,august,september,october,?.
    2. plant-stand:	normal,lt-normal,?.
    3. precip:		lt-norm,norm,gt-norm,?.
    4. temp:		lt-norm,norm,gt-norm,?.
    5. hail:		yes,no,?.
    6. crop-hist:	diff-lst-year,same-lst-yr,same-lst-two-yrs,
                        same-lst-sev-yrs,?.
    7. area-damaged:	scattered,low-areas,upper-areas,whole-field,?.
    8. severity:	minor,pot-severe,severe,?.
    9. seed-tmt:	none,fungicide,other,?.
   10. germination:	90-100%,80-89%,lt-80%,?.
   11. plant-growth:	norm,abnorm,?.
   12. leaves:		norm,abnorm.
   13. leafspots-halo:	absent,yellow-halos,no-yellow-halos,?.
   14. leafspots-marg:	w-s-marg,no-w-s-marg,dna,?.
   15. leafspot-size:	lt-1/8,gt-1/8,dna,?.
   16. leaf-shread:	absent,present,?.
   17. leaf-malf:	absent,present,?.
   18. leaf-mild:	absent,upper-surf,lower-surf,?.
   19. stem:		norm,abnorm,?.
   20. lodging:    	yes,no,?.
   21. stem-cankers:	absent,below-soil,above-soil,above-sec-nde,?.
   22. canker-lesion:	dna,brown,dk-brown-blk,tan,?.
   23. fruiting-bodies:	absent,present,?.
   24. external decay:	absent,firm-and-dry,watery,?.
   25. mycelium:	absent,present,?.
   26. int-discolor:	none,brown,black,?.
   27. sclerotia:	absent,present,?.
   28. fruit-pods:	norm,diseased,few-present,dna,?.
   29. fruit spots:	absent,colored,brown-w/blk-specks,distort,dna,?.
   30. seed:		norm,abnorm,?.
   31. mold-growth:	absent,present,?.
   32. seed-discolor:	absent,present,?.
   33. seed-size:	norm,lt-norm,?.
   34. shriveling:	absent,present,?.
   35. roots:		norm,rotted,galls-cysts,?.

8. Number of Missing Attribute Values: (denoted by "?")
   (Problem: these don't appear to be correct!  Needs to be updated.)
    1. date: 0
    2. plant-stand: 1
    3. precip: 8
    4. temp: 11
    5. hail: 7
    6. crop-hist: 41
    7. area-damaged: 1
    8. severity: 1
    9. seed-tmt: 41
   10. germination: 41
   11. plant-growth: 36
   12. leaves: 1
   13. leafspots-halo: 0
   14. leafspots-marg: 25
   15. leafspot-size: 25
   16. leaf-shread: 25
   17. leaf-malf: 26
   18. leaf-mild: 25
   19. stem: 30
   20. lodging: 1
   21. stem-cankers: 41
   22. canker-lesion: 11
   23. fruiting-bodies: 11
   24. external decay: 35
   25. mycelium: 11
   26. int-discolor: 11
   27. sclerotia: 11
   28. fruit-pods: 11
   29. fruit spots: 25
   30. seed: 35
   31. mold-growth: 29
   32. seed-discolor: 29
   33. seed-size: 35
   34. shriveling: 29
   35. roots: 35

9. Class Distribution: 
   1. diaporthe-stem-canker: 10
   2. charcoal-rot: 10
   3. rhizoctonia-root-rot: 10
   4. phytophthora-rot: 40
   5. brown-stem-rot: 20
   6. powdery-mildew: 10
   7. downy-mildew: 10
   8. brown-spot: 40
   9. bacterial-blight: 10
  10. bacterial-pustule: 10
  11. purple-seed-stain: 10
  12. anthracnose: 20
  13. phyllosticta-leaf-spot: 10
  14. alternarialeaf-spot: 40
  15. frog-eye-leaf-spot: 40
  16. diaporthe-pod-&-stem-blight: 6
  17. cyst-nematode: 6
  18. 2-4-d-injury: 1
  19. herbicide-injury: 4